Antibiotics: What You Need to Know

Antibiotics treat bacterial infections, not viruses. Use them only when a doctor prescribes them. Taking antibiotics for a cold or flu won’t help and can cause harm. When used correctly they can save lives, but misuse fuels antibiotic resistance.

How antibiotics work and when to use them

Different antibiotics work in different ways: some block cell wall building, others stop bacteria from copying DNA. Your doctor picks the drug based on the likely bacteria and where the infection sits — skin, lungs, urinary tract or elsewhere. Tests like cultures or rapid diagnostics can guide the choice, but doctors often start treatment before results arrive if the illness looks serious.

How to use antibiotics safely

Always follow the exact dose and schedule your prescriber gives you. Finish the full course unless your doctor tells you to stop — stopping early can let the bacteria come back stronger. Never share antibiotics with someone else or use leftover pills. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it is almost time for the next dose; don’t double up.

Watch for interactions and side effects. Some antibiotics interact with common drugs like blood thinners, birth control, or heart medicines. Others can upset your stomach or cause allergic reactions. If you notice severe rash, breathing trouble, persistent diarrhea, or high fever, stop the drug and get medical help right away. Tell your provider about all medicines and supplements you take before starting an antibiotic.

Resistant bacteria don’t respond to usual antibiotics, so infections take longer to clear and need stronger drugs. To slow resistance, avoid unnecessary antibiotic use, practice good hand hygiene, and keep vaccinations up to date. For mild infections, ask your doctor if watchful waiting or other treatments are options.

Only buy antibiotics from reputable pharmacies and only with a valid prescription. Online pharmacies can be safe if they require a prescription, show clear contact details, and have verified credentials. Store antibiotics in a cool, dry place as the label says and keep them out of reach of children. Dispose of unused medicine properly at a pharmacy take-back program.

Quick checklist before you take antibiotics: confirm the diagnosis and need for antibiotics, ask about likely side effects and interactions, know how long to take the drug and when to see a doctor if symptoms worsen, and keep prescription details and the medicine leaflet handy.

If you get a prescription and symptoms do not improve within 48 to 72 hours, call your provider. Keep a list of past antibiotic allergies and reactions and share it at every visit. For travelers, carry a copy of prescriptions and use antibiotics only for infections diagnosed by a healthcare professional. Safe use protects you and makes antibiotics work longer for everyone and communities too.

Want more practical articles about specific antibiotics, safe online pharmacies, and alternatives? Browse our antibiotics tag for guides, safety tips, and reviews you can trust.