Ear canal infections (swimmer's ear): what they are and how to act fast

Ear canal infections—often called swimmer's ear—start when water, skin irritation, or small injuries let bacteria or fungi grow in the outer ear. They hurt, itch, and can make your ear feel clogged. Most cases are simple and treatable at home or with a short course of ear drops, but some need a doctor fast. Here’s clear, useful advice you can use right away.

Spot the symptoms

Common signs include sharp ear pain that gets worse when you pull the earlobe, itching inside the ear canal, redness or swelling, and a feeling of fullness. You may notice foul-smelling drainage or temporary hearing loss if the canal fills with debris. If you have high fever, severe swelling around the ear, or spreading redness on the face, that’s a red flag—seek medical care now.

Quick at-home care

Start with pain control: use acetaminophen or ibuprofen as directed to ease discomfort. Keep the ear dry—tilt your head to drain water and avoid swimming until healed. Don’t put cotton swabs or any objects into the ear; they push debris deeper and make things worse. A clean washcloth to dry the outer ear is enough.

Over-the-counter drops with drying agents (a mix of equal parts white vinegar and rubbing alcohol is a common home remedy) can help after swimming, but don’t use any drops if you suspect a hole in the eardrum, have ear tubes, or if you’re not sure. When in doubt, check with a clinician first.

If pain is severe or the canal is blocked by swelling, a doctor may prescribe prescription ear drops (often antibiotic drops, sometimes with a steroid) or place a small wick to help medicine reach deep into the canal. Fungal infections need antifungal drops instead. Oral antibiotics are rarely needed unless the infection spreads outside the ear or you have a weakened immune system.

When to see a doctor

Go to a healthcare provider if you have: fever, severe pain, heavy drainage, sudden hearing loss, diabetes or a weakened immune system, or symptoms that don’t improve within 48–72 hours of starting basic care. Also get checked if you have ear tubes or recent ear surgery—these situations change what’s safe to do.

Most uncomplicated ear canal infections start improving within a couple of days once treatment begins. If symptoms stay or get worse, follow up—sometimes the infection needs a different medicine or a short in-office cleaning.

Prevention is simple: dry your ears after swimming or showering, use ear plugs when swimming, avoid inserting objects into the ear, and treat eczema or allergies that affect the ear skin. Skip ear candling; it’s ineffective and risky.

If you’re unsure what to try or the pain is intense, call a provider. Quick action prevents complications and gets you back to normal hearing and comfort fast.